Hair transplants have become an increasingly popular solution for those suffering from hair loss, but how do they actually work?
While many people understand the basics – hair is taken from one area of the scalp and moved to another – there’s a lot more to it. This guide will break down everything you need to know about hair transplant surgery and how hair transplant works, so you can understand what makes them such an effective treatment.
You can also read our step-by-step guide to hair transplant surgery if you want a detailed breakdown of how the surgery itself works, but this guide will look more at what makes a hair transplant procedure possible.
Understanding Hair Loss
To fully grasp how a hair transplant works, it’s helpful to first understand why hair loss happens.
For many, it’s down to a combination of genetics and hormones, particularly a sensitivity to a hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which affects hair follicles over time.
This sensitivity leads to a condition known as androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern baldness), where the follicles gradually shrink and stop producing hair.
Interestingly, not all hair follicles are affected by DHT. The hair on the sides and back of the head tends to be more resistant, which is why these areas are used as the “donor” sites for hair transplant surgery.
These follicles have the ability to continue growing even when moved to areas of thinning or balding, meaning you can move the good hair to a balding area and see hair growth from there once more.
How Hair Transplants Address Hair Loss
Hair transplants work by relocating healthy, DHT-resistant hair follicles from the donor area to areas that are thinning or bald.
These donor hairs retain their properties even after being transplanted, meaning that once they’ve settled in their new location, they’ll continue to grow as they did before.
Whether the hair is being transplanted to the crown, hairline, or other areas, the key principle remains the same: you’re moving hair that’s naturally resistant to balding to the areas where you need it most. The science behind this is what makes hair transplants such a long-lasting solution to hair loss.
And it doesn’t have a massive impact on the donor site either. Hair restoration surgery isn’t going to cause you to go bald in a different area.
The hair on the back and sides of the head is typically thick enough that you can remove some of the hair follicles during a hair transplant and you’d never really even know.
All you’re doing is moving some of the healthy hair from one part of the head to another, so it’s more evenly spread out.
Types of Hair Transplantation
There are three main methods for performing hair transplants: Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT), Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE), and Direct Hair Implantation (DHI).
Each method has its own unique approach, and the choice between them depends on factors like personal preference, hair type, and the extent of hair loss.
Most hair transplant surgery that’s done today will be FUE hair transplants, with DHI being an evolution of that which is starting to get more traction.
FUT hair transplant surgery is still carried out in many cases, but it has its drawbacks.
Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT)
How it Works:
FUT, sometimes referred to as the “strip method,” involves removing a strip of skin from the donor area (typically the back of the scalp).
This strip is then dissected under a microscope to extract individual hair follicles, which are carefully implanted into the recipient area. The donor site is stitched back together, leaving a linear scar.
The scar will typically be covered by your hair, unless you plan on having a short trim once your hair transplant is complete.
Pros:
- It allows for a large number of grafts to be transplanted in one session, making it ideal for people with significant hair loss.
- Often, the cost per graft is lower than FUE or DHI, making it a more cost-effective option.
Cons:
- The linear scar left at the donor site can be visible if you prefer to wear your hair very short.
- Recovery from FUT may be slightly longer compared to FUE, and there can be more discomfort initially.
Cost Considerations:
FUT is generally the least expensive method due to the quicker extraction process, but it still offers highly effective results.
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)
How it Works:
With FUE, individual hair follicles are extracted directly from the donor area using a small, specialised tool.
This method avoids the need for a strip of skin to be removed, and it leaves minimal scarring. The transplanted hairs are then implanted into the thinning or balding areas, just as they are in FUT.
Pros:
- FUE leaves tiny, dot-like scars that are much less noticeable, even with short hairstyles.
- Recovery is typically faster and less painful than FUT, as there’s no need for stitches.
Cons:
- The procedure is more time-consuming than FUT, as each follicle is removed individually.
- It can be more expensive due to the precision and labour involved in extracting each graft.
Cost Considerations:
FUE is typically more expensive than FUT, as it requires more time and skill to perform. However, for those who prioritise minimal scarring and quicker recovery, the higher cost can be worth it.
Direct Hair Implantation (DHI)
How it Works:
DHI is a more advanced version of FUE.
The key difference lies in how the follicles are implanted. With DHI, follicles are extracted using the same method as FUE, but they are immediately implanted using a specialised pen-like tool.
This allows for more precision in placement, angle, and depth, potentially leading to more natural-looking results.
It’s not just used for a hair transplant for the top of the head – DHI can be used for other types of hair transplant too, such as eyebrow replacement treatments.
Pros:
- DHI offers the highest level of precision, especially for recreating natural hairlines.
- The direct implantation process reduces the time that hair follicles spend outside the body, improving survival rates.
Cons:
- Like FUE, DHI can be more time-intensive and costly due to the advanced tools and skills required.
- It’s not always available at all clinics, especially in smaller or less specialised facilities.
Cost Considerations:
DHI is usually the most expensive option due to the precision and advanced equipment involved.
For those who want the very best, top-tier results, particularly for intricate areas like the hairline, it may be worth the investment.
DHI can sometimes be a similar cost to FUE depending on the clinic you choose to perform hair transplant surgery for you.
You can read more about each of the different types of hair transplant, and their pros and cons, with our full guide.
Why Transplanted Hair Grows Permanently
One of the most frequently asked questions about hair transplants is why the new hair doesn’t just fall out as well. The answer lies in something called donor dominance.
This principle refers to the fact that hair follicles taken from the donor area (usually the back of the head) retain their genetic resistance to balding, even when moved to a different part of the scalp.
After the transplant, the hair will go through a natural cycle, which includes an initial shedding phase. This can be worrying for anyone who’s gone through a hair transplant if they aren’t properly taught about it in advance, but it’s a normal part of the process.
Once the shedding phase is over, the transplanted follicles will begin producing new hair, which will continue to grow just as it did in the donor area.
To put it simply, the hair on the top of your head isn’t as resistant to the hormone but the hairs on the back and sides of your head is, even when moved during hair transplant surgeries.
The Role of Technology in Modern Hair Transplants
Technological advancements have revolutionised hair transplants in recent years. With innovations like robotic-assisted FUE and more precise implantation tools used in DHI, the accuracy of modern procedures is far superior to older methods.
Not only does this lead to better results, but it also means less discomfort and quicker recovery times for patients.
Local anaesthetic is used throughout the procedure, so patients typically experience minimal pain. These advancements have made hair transplants more accessible and comfortable than ever before.
Recovery times are improving for hair growth treatments too, since less invasive techniques are being used. This means you can get back to work sooner (in most cases) and you won’t feel too much discomfort.
Of course, with advanced tech comes a rising hair transplant cost for some types of surgery, especially if you’re looking for the very best treatment possible.
A lot of people look to try a hair transplant abroad, such as in Turkey, to help manage costs. However, that can lead to a world of complications, and it’s definitely better to stick to local hair restoration surgery where possible.
Limitations and Factors for Success
What Hair Transplants Can and Can’t Do
While hair transplants are an effective solution for restoring hair in balding areas, they’re not a cure for hair loss.
The procedure doesn’t stop hair loss in untreated areas, meaning that ongoing thinning or balding can occur elsewhere on the scalp in the surrounding hair.
Some patients may require additional treatments or transplants later on to maintain their results. And some people prefer to continue taking medication to help preserve the hair – don’t assume that a hair transplant completely negates the need for medicinal help later in life.
When you speak to a clinic about hair replacement surgery, they should advice you on what the best plan of action is for you based on your current hair density, and your options to best ensure a successful hair transplant.
That might include waiting a little while, but in most cases you’ll at least be able to undergo a hair transplant sooner rather than later – though your expectations may be managed and you may need to undergo a follow-up procedure in future.
Factors Affecting Success
The success of a hair transplant depends on a variety of factors.
The quality of the donor hair, the extent of hair loss, and the expertise of the surgeon all play a crucial role in the final outcome. Post-surgery care is also essential to ensure that the transplanted follicles survive and thrive.
Regardless, most hair transplants carried out using modern techniques will be successful, and they’re not just more effective than older treatments such as flap surgery, but they leave less scars behind too.
Advancements in the quality of treatment mean that the majority of people can restore hair fullness with a hair transplant, tackling bald or thinning areas and enjoying a much healthier head of thick hair for years.
Final Word
So there are several different explanations when asking how does a hair transplant work, but broadly it’s taking hair grafts from a healthy area and moving it to replace thinning hair.
Because each hair follicle retains its characteristics, that means it will continue to grow once moved. How much hair you’ll have left upon completion of your surgery will vary case-by-case, but modern techniques mean that most people are extremely happy with the results.
Hair transplants offer a scientifically backed, permanent solution to hair loss, making them a popular choice for those looking to restore their hairline and confidence.
By understanding the science behind the procedure, patients can make informed decisions about their hair restoration journey. Whether through FUT, FUE, or DHI, the principles remain the same: transferring healthy, resistant hair follicles to areas where they’re needed most, ensuring long-lasting, natural results and a natural hairline.
Sources
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547740
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33905785/
- https://academic.oup.com/asj/article-abstract/33/1/128/209891
This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. The content is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider or a licensed hair transplant specialist before undergoing any medical procedure.
Hair restoration treatments vary in effectiveness and suitability depending on the individual. The details shared in this guide are for general information purposes only. For personalised advice and to find the best treatment option for you, it’s important to seek guidance from a qualified professional.
